What Are OTCs?
OTC stands for over-the-counter. In the U.S. there are more than 780 drugs that have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for sale over-the-counter without a prescription. These drugs often contain the same or similar ingredients as prescribed drugs. Used as directed, these medications help millions of people each year that suffer from headaches, pain, colds and coughs. However, they are also potentially dangerous.
What is DXM?
Dextromethorphan (DXM) is one of the most commonly misused and abused over-the-counter products. DXM is an ingredient in many cold and cough medicines — pills, powder, liquids, gel caps, and so on. Some of the brand names include Alka-Seltzer Plus, Benylin, Children's Vicks, Coricidin, Dimetapp, NyQuil, Contact, Pediacare, Robitussin, Triaminic and Vicks Formula 44 to name a few.
Emergency room physicians and healthcare professionals across the country have reported a recent increase in the number of teens misusing cough and cold medicines. Many stores that carry the products have moved them behind the counter in order to have better control over who is using the item and to prevent bulk purchases — an indicator of potential abuse.
What are the Street Names for DXM?
Street or slang names for Dextromethorphan vary by product and region. The most common terms include: dex, DXM, robo, skittles, syrup, triple-C and Tussin.
How Does DXM Affect the User?
The effects of DXM abuse vary with the amount taken. Users report taking as much as 10 to 30 times the recommended dose. DXM abusers describe a set of "plateaus" ranging from a mild stimulation or excitement with visual distortions to an "out-of-body" feeling. Similar to the effects of PCP and Ketamine, DXM's effects usually last about six hours depending on the dose taken and the individual's metabolism, height, weight, and whether it is used in combination with other drugs.
Signs and Symptoms of DMX Abuse
Slurred speech
Hyper-excitability
Lethargy
Sweating
Hallucinations
Skin irritation
Shortness of breath
Nausea and/or vomiting
Diarrhea
Abdominal pain
What are the Dangers of DXM Abuse?
In addition to the risk of injury or death as a result of accidents, violence, or overdose, DXM can cause or worsen many physical and mental disorders. Negative effects include:
Coma
Brain damage
Liver damage
Respiratory distress
Heat stroke
Death (from arrested breathing)
Not much is known about DXM's addictive potential. It is thought to be a moderately habit-forming substance.
How to Take OTCs
Just because a medicine is sold over the counter doesn't mean it's safe. All medication should be used as the label instructs. Educated users need to be responsible in their use and understand both the benefits and side effects of what they are taking. To keep yourself or a loved one safe, follow these guidelines when it comes to taking OTCs:
Read all labels and know what's in the product.
Take OTCs as directed on the label and only take them for the recommended time.
Pay attention to age guidelines when selecting a product. Don't buy adult medicine for a child.
Learn about potential side effects and food or drug interactions.
Review storage instructions.
Ask your pharmacist or doctor if you're not sure you should take the product.
Keep OTCs and prescription drugs in a secure container and monitor who is using them.
Keep up-to-date on your medications. Over time, ingredients change and interactions with new drugs are added to the safety lists.
Treatment Options
If you or someone you know is struggling with OTC abuse, email Phoenix House at drughelp@phoenixhouse.org to find out more about our treatment programs, ask for a referral or get a professional assessment. If you find yourself in an emergency situation, call 911 immediately.
